Leseprobe
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America and the Intellectual Cold Wars in Europe
Volker R. Berghahn
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Geisteswissenschaften, Kunst, Musik / 20. Jahrhundert (bis 1945)
Beschreibung
In 1958, Shepard Stone, then directing the Ford Foundation's International Affairs program, suggested that his staff "measure" America's cultural impact in Europe. He wanted to determine whether efforts to improve opinions of American culture were yielding good returns. Taking Stone's career as a point of departure and frequent return, Volker Berghahn examines the triangular relationship between the producers of ideas and ideologies, corporate America, and Washington policymakers at a peculiar juncture of U.S. history. He also looks across the Atlantic, at the Western European intellectuals, politicians, and businessmen with whom these Americans were in frequent contact. While shattered materially and psychologically by World War II, educated Europeans did not shed their opinions about the inferiority, vulgarity, and commercialism of American culture. American elites--particularly the East Coast establishment--deeply resented this condescension. They believed that the United States had two culture wars to win: one against the Soviet Bloc as part of the larger struggle against communism and the other against deeply rooted negative views of America as a civilization. To triumph, they spent large sums of money on overt and covert activities, from tours of American orchestras to the often secret funding of European publications and intellectual congresses by the CIA.
At the center of these activities were the Ford Foundation, the Congress for Cultural Freedom, and Washington's agents of cultural diplomacy. This was a world of Ivy League academics and East Coast intellectuals, of American philanthropic organizations and their backers in big business, of U.S. government agencies and their counterparts across the Atlantic. This book uses Shepard Stone as a window to this world in which the European-American relationship was hammered out in cultural terms--an arena where many of the twentieth century's major intellectual trends and conflicts unfolded.
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Mass politics, American Capitalism, Germans, World Politics, Politician, Totalitarianism, Ford Foundation, Between Hitler and Stalin, Partisan Review, Democracy in America, Aftermath of World War II, War of ideas, The New York Times, Federal republic, Nazi propaganda, Atlantic Community, Philanthropy, West Berlin, Nazi Party, Foreign policy of the United States, Isaiah Berlin, War crime, Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, Existentialism, West Germany, World War II, German re-armament, Newspaper, Anti-globalization movement, Allied-occupied Germany, International relations, Anti-Americanism, Mass society, Congress for Cultural Freedom, Political radicalism, World War I, Radicalism (historical), Anti-communism, Western Europe, American Committee on United Europe, Demagogue, Konrad Adenauer, Eastern Bloc, Europe, Foreign policy, Politics, Allies of World War II, Antifascist Circle, Foreign Policy Association, Adolf Hitler, Conservatism in Germany, European Defence Community, McCarthyism, Cold War liberal, United States Department of State, European Foundation (think tank), Karl Jaspers, Nazism, Funding, Nazi Germany, Marshall Plan, Criticism, Imperialism, Frankfurter Rundschau, Nazi seizure of power, Soviet Union, Cold War, Eastern Europe, Stalinism, Culture war