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Growth in a Traditional Society

The French Countryside, 1450-1815

Philip T. Hoffman

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Princeton University Press img Link Publisher

Geisteswissenschaften, Kunst, Musik / Geschichte

Beschreibung

Philip Hoffman shatters the widespread myth that traditional agricultural societies in early modern Europe were socially and economically stagnant and ultimately dependent on wide-scale political revolution for their growth. Through a richly detailed historical investigation of the peasant agriculture of ancien-régime France, the author uncovers evidence that requires a new understanding of what constituted economic growth in such societies. His arguments rest on a measurement of long-term growth that enables him to analyze the economic, institutional, and political factors that explain its forms and rhythms. In comparing France with England and Germany, Hoffman arrives at fresh answers to some classic questions: Did French agriculture lag behind farming in other countries? If so, did the obstacles in French agriculture lurk within peasant society itself, in the peasants' culture, in their communal property rights, or in the small scale of their farms? Or did the obstacles hide elsewhere, in politics, in the tax system, or in meager opportunities for trade? The author discovers that growth cannot be explained by culture, property rights, or farm size, and argues that the real causes of growth derived from politics and gains from trade. By challenging other widely held beliefs, such as the nature of the commons and the workings of the rural economy, Hoffman offers a new analysis of peasant society and culture, one based on microeconomics and game theory and intended for a wide range of social scientists.

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Schlagwörter

Factor cost, Sharecropping, Agricultural productivity, Invention, Physiocracy, Opportunity cost, Logarithm, Market trend, Population growth, Agricultural revolution, Capitalism, Seigneur, Developing country, Livestock, Economic development, Human capital, Peasant, Employment, Agriculture, Economic rent, Subsistence crisis, Emerging technologies, And Interest, Beaujolais, Capital gain, Economics, Tenant farmer, Growth Rates, Moral economy, Economy, Present value, Production function, Real wages, Prompt payment, Useful Life, Fisc, Result, Hectare, Crop rotation, Landlord, Champart, Manure, Productivity, Technological revolution, The Ancient Economy, Parlement, Market power, Demographic history, Working capital, Developed country, Traditional economy, Capital Improvement, Economic growth, Urbanization, Arable land, Standard of living, Total factor productivity, Income, The Great Transformation (book), Calculation, Tithe, Demand For Labor, Profit maximization, Factors of production, Capital cost, Payment, Comparative advantage, Tax, Year, Labor demand