Leseprobe
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Food Webs and Niche Space. (MPB-11), Volume 11
David W. Stephens, Joel E. Cohen
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Naturwissenschaften, Medizin, Informatik, Technik / ÷kologie
Beschreibung
What is the minimum dimension of a niche space necessary to represent the overlaps among observed niches? This book presents a new technique for obtaining a partial answer to this elementary question about niche space. The author bases his technique on a relation between the combinatorial structure of food webs and the mathematical theory of interval graphs.
Professor Cohen collects more than thirty food webs from the ecological literature and analyzes their statistical and combinatorial properties in detail. As a result, he is able to generalize: within habitats of a certain limited physical and temporal heterogeneity, the overlaps among niches, along their trophic (feeding) dimensions, can be represented in a one-dimensional niche space far more often than would be expected by chance alone and perhaps always. This compatibility has not previously been noticed. It indicates that real food webs fall in a small subset of the mathematically possible food webs.
Professor Cohen discusses other apparently new features of real food webs, including the constant ratio of the number of kinds of prey to the number of kinds of predators in food webs that describe a community. In conclusion he discusses possible extensions and limitations of his results and suggests directions for future research.
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Expected value, Herbivore, Pseudorandom number generator, Apex predator, Cichla ocellaris, Quadrat, Incidence matrix, Predation, Estimation, Pisaster ochraceus, Dimension, Carnivore, Subset, Springtail, Brown trout, Ecological niche, Insect trap, Elaboration, Probability, Parasitism, Predatory fish, Environmental factor, Ecology, Cannibalism (zoology), Tree (data structure), Dot product, Addition, Food chain, Binomial distribution, Statistic, Biomass (ecology), Random walk, Monte Carlo method, Arthropod, Crayfish, Protozoa, Boxicity, Operational definition, Whitebait, Salinity, Molecule, Robert T. Paine (zoologist), Calculation, P-value, Yellowthroat, Diagram (category theory), Chthamalus, Analogy, Energy flow (ecology), Permutation, Biological interaction, Histogram, Intersection graph, Plankton, Inference, Asymptotic theory (statistics), Sampling (statistics), Trophic level, Food web, Salt marsh, Insectivore, Least squares, Diatom, Detritus, Ordinate, Counterexample, Statistical significance, Uniform distribution (discrete), Interval graph, One-Tailed Test