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The European Economy since 1945

Coordinated Capitalism and Beyond

Barry Eichengreen

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Geisteswissenschaften, Kunst, Musik / Geschichte

Beschreibung

In 1945, many Europeans still heated with coal, cooled their food with ice, and lacked indoor plumbing. Today, things could hardly be more different. Over the second half of the twentieth century, the average European's buying power tripled, while working hours fell by a third. The European Economy since 1945 is a broad, accessible, forthright account of the extraordinary development of Europe's economy since the end of World War II. Barry Eichengreen argues that the continent's history has been critical to its economic performance, and that it will continue to be so going forward.


Challenging standard views that basic economic forces were behind postwar Europe's success, Eichengreen shows how Western Europe in particular inherited a set of institutions singularly well suited to the economic circumstances that reigned for almost three decades. Economic growth was facilitated by solidarity-centered trade unions, cohesive employers' associations, and growth-minded governments--all legacies of Europe's earlier history. For example, these institutions worked together to mobilize savings, finance investment, and stabilize wages.


However, this inheritance of economic and social institutions that was the solution until around 1973--when Europe had to switch from growth based on brute-force investment and the acquisition of known technologies to growth based on increased efficiency and innovation--then became the problem.


Thus, the key questions for the future are whether Europe and its constituent nations can now adapt their institutions to the needs of a globalized knowledge economy, and whether in doing so, the continent's distinctive history will be an obstacle or an asset.

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Schlagwörter

Wassenaar Agreement, Federal Europe, Economic growth, Output (economics), Currency, Employment, Monetary reform, Soviet Union, Current account, Recession, Economic liberalization, Nationalization, Tax rate, European integration, Liberalization, Wage, Capital control, European Union law, Central bank, European System of Central Banks, Price controls, Customs union, Eurodollar, Institution, Supply (economics), Capitalism, Payment, Agriculture, European Economic Community, Subsidy, Economy, Marshall Plan, Economics, European Central Bank, Exchange rate, Bretton Woods system, Deutsche Bundesbank, Income, Keynesian Revolution, European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, Eurosclerosis, European Investment Bank, Tax, Economic planning, Budget of the European Union, Competitiveness, European Defence Community, World War II, Monetary policy, Tariff, Western Europe, Member state, European Confederation, European Monetary System, Keynesian economics, Institutional investor, Measures of national income and output, European Union, Eastern Europe, Devaluation, Unemployment, Eurocurrency Market, European Coal and Steel Community, Interest rate, Deutsche Mark, European Free Trade Association, Aftermath of World War II, Economic recovery, European Currency Unit, Industrialisation