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Spying Blind

The CIA, the FBI, and the Origins of 9/11

Amy B. Zegart

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Princeton University Press img Link Publisher

Sozialwissenschaften, Recht, Wirtschaft / Politikwissenschaft

Beschreibung

In this pathbreaking book, Amy Zegart provides the first scholarly examination of the intelligence failures that preceded September 11. Until now, those failures have been attributed largely to individual mistakes. But Zegart shows how and why the intelligence system itself left us vulnerable.


Zegart argues that after the Cold War ended, the CIA and FBI failed to adapt to the rise of terrorism. She makes the case by conducting painstaking analysis of more than three hundred intelligence reform recommendations and tracing the history of CIA and FBI counterterrorism efforts from 1991 to 2001, drawing extensively from declassified government documents and interviews with more than seventy high-ranking government officials. She finds that political leaders were well aware of the emerging terrorist danger and the urgent need for intelligence reform, but failed to achieve the changes they sought. The same forces that have stymied intelligence reform for decades are to blame: resistance inside U.S. intelligence agencies, the rational interests of politicians and career bureaucrats, and core aspects of our democracy such as the fragmented structure of the federal government. Ultimately failures of adaptation led to failures of performance. Zegart reveals how longstanding organizational weaknesses left unaddressed during the 1990s prevented the CIA and FBI from capitalizing on twenty-three opportunities to disrupt the September 11 plot.



Spying Blind is a sobering account of why two of America's most important intelligence agencies failed to adjust to new threats after the Cold War, and why they are unlikely to adapt in the future.

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Schlagwörter

USS Cole bombing, George W. Bush, Robert Baer, Director of Central Intelligence, Political science, Janet Reno, Central Intelligence Agency, George Tenet, Special agent, Chairman, 9/11 Commission, Information sharing, Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, Roberta Wohlstetter, Director of National Intelligence, Law enforcement, Clandestine cell system, Council on Foreign Relations, Technology, Committee, Counterintelligence, Human intelligence (intelligence gathering), Field agent, The New York Times, Brent Scowcroft, Dissolution of the Soviet Union, Policy, Robert Gates, Weapon of mass destruction, Defense Intelligence Agency, United States House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, United States Intelligence Community, Khalid al-Mihdhar, Louis Freeh, Intelligence agency, United States Department of State, Cofer Black, Government agency, Robert Mueller, Task force, American Airlines Flight 77, Counter-terrorism, United States Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, National security, September 11 attacks, Zacarias Moussaoui, Americans, United States Department of Homeland Security, Nawaf al-Hazmi, Legislator, War President, Bureaucrat, Politics, Al-Qaeda, Criminal investigation, Legislation, Strategic intelligence, Terrorism, Scott Sagan, Foreign policy, Osama bin Laden, World War II, Private sector, Uncertainty, Employment, President's Daily Brief, Directorate of Operations (CIA), Public policy, What Happened, Phoenix Memo