Outer Billiards on Kites (AM-171)
Richard Evan Schwartz
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Naturwissenschaften, Medizin, Informatik, Technik / Geometrie
Beschreibung
Outer billiards is a basic dynamical system defined relative to a convex shape in the plane. B. H. Neumann introduced this system in the 1950s, and J. Moser popularized it as a toy model for celestial mechanics. All along, the so-called Moser-Neumann question has been one of the central problems in the field. This question asks whether or not one can have an outer billiards system with an unbounded orbit. The Moser-Neumann question is an idealized version of the question of whether, because of small disturbances in its orbit, the Earth can break out of its orbit and fly away from the Sun. In Outer Billiards on Kites, Richard Schwartz presents his affirmative solution to the Moser-Neumann problem. He shows that an outer billiards system can have an unbounded orbit when defined relative to any irrational kite. A kite is a quadrilateral having a diagonal that is a line of bilateral symmetry. The kite is irrational if the other diagonal divides the quadrilateral into two triangles whose areas are not rationally related. In addition to solving the basic problem, Schwartz relates outer billiards on kites to such topics as Diophantine approximation, the modular group, self-similar sets, polytope exchange maps, profinite completions of the integers, and solenoids--connections that together allow for a fairly complete analysis of the dynamical system.
Kundenbewertungen
Polygon, Automorphism, Triangle inequality, Hyperbolic geometry, Toy model, C0, Cyclic group, Intersection (set theory), Translational symmetry, Fiber bundle, Embedding, Bijection, Continuity equation, Parallelogram, Convex polytope, Disjoint sets, Factorial, Bisection, Borel set, Square root of 2, Sanity check, Counterexample, Ergodic theory, Lattice (group), Convex lattice polytope, Monotonic function, Cantor set, Limit set, Rhombus, Subsequence, Parameter, Outer billiard, Permutation, Upper and lower bounds, Equation, Rotational symmetry, Cartesian coordinate system, Congruence subgroup, Trapezoid, Penrose tiling, Theorem, Compass-and-straightedge construction, Diophantine approximation, Geometry, Symmetry group, Polytope, Disjoint union, Sign (mathematics), Yair Minsky, Fibonacci number, Interval exchange transformation, Symbolic dynamics, Rectangle, Orthant, Diophantine equation, Semicircle, Tangent, Special case, Gauss map, Upper half-plane, Renormalization, Two-dimensional space, Line segment, Partial derivative, Big O notation, Binary number, Hyperplane, Triangle group, Modular group, Without loss of generality