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The Calculus of Selfishness

Karl Sigmund

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Princeton University Press img Link Publisher

Naturwissenschaften, Medizin, Informatik, Technik / Mathematik

Beschreibung

A pioneer in evolutionary game theory looks at selfishness and cooperation

How does cooperation emerge among selfish individuals? When do people share resources, punish those they consider unfair, and engage in joint enterprises? These questions fascinate philosophers, biologists, and economists alike, for the "invisible hand" that should turn selfish efforts into public benefit is not always at work. The Calculus of Selfishness looks at social dilemmas where cooperative motivations are subverted and self-interest becomes self-defeating. Karl Sigmund, a pioneer in evolutionary game theory, uses simple and well-known game theory models to examine the foundations of collective action and the effects of reciprocity and reputation.

Focusing on some of the best-known social and economic experiments, including games such as the Prisoner's Dilemma, Trust, Ultimatum, Snowdrift, and Public Good, Sigmund explores the conditions leading to cooperative strategies. His approach is based on evolutionary game dynamics, applied to deterministic and probabilistic models of economic interactions.

Exploring basic strategic interactions among individuals guided by self-interest and caught in social traps, The Calculus of Selfishness analyzes to what extent one key facet of human nature—selfishness—can lead to cooperation.

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Schlagwörter

Ultimatum game, Geometric distribution, Prevalence, Backward induction, Price equation, Paradox, Empathy, Nash equilibrium, Result, Stochastic process, Self-love, Dictator game, Artificiality, Tit for tat, Limit cycle, Disgust, Asociality, Subconscious, P-value, Trial and error, Stationary distribution, Undoing (psychology), Expected value, Homo economicus, Laggard, Theory, Asymmetry, Prisoner's dilemma, Observational error, Self-interest, Variance, Maladaptation, Special case, Iteration, Differential equation, Reaction norm, Selfishness, Heuristic, Barter, Preference (economics), Trigger strategy, Tragedy of the commons, Preference, Altruism, Kin selection, Tax, Random variable, Ordinary differential equation, Reciprocal altruism, Social trap, Refusal, Abuse of notation, Probability, Artificial society, Poisson distribution, Shame, Replicator equation, Hypergeometric distribution, Defection, Disadvantage, John Maynard Keynes, Prediction, Public goods game, Moral hazard, The Theory of Moral Sentiments, Markov chain, Uncertainty, Social dilemma, Remorse, Money pump