Leseprobe
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Science, Jews, and Secular Culture
David A. Hollinger
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Sachbuch / 20. Jahrhundert (bis 1945)
Beschreibung
This remarkable group of essays describes the "culture wars" that consolidated a new, secular ethos in mid-twentieth-century American academia and generated the fresh energies needed for a wide range of scientific and cultural enterprises. Focusing on the decades from the 1930s through the 1960s, David Hollinger discusses the scientists, social scientists, philosophers, and historians who fought the Christian biases that had kept Jews from fully participating in American intellectual life. Today social critics take for granted the comparatively open outlook developed by these men (and men they were, mostly), and charge that their cosmopolitanism was not sufficiently multicultural. Yet Hollinger shows that the liberal cosmopolitans of the mid-century generation defined themselves against the realities of their own time: McCarthyism, Nazi and Communist doctrines, a legacy of anti-Semitic quotas, and both Protestant and Catholic versions of the notion of a "Christian America." The victory of liberal cosmopolitans was so sweeping by the 1960s that it has become easy to forget the strength of the enemies they fought.
Most books addressing the emergence of Jewish intellectuals celebrate an illustrious cohort of literary figures based in New York City. But the pieces collected here explore the long-postponed acceptance of Jewish immigrants in a variety of settings, especially the social science and humanities faculties of major universities scattered across the country. Hollinger acknowledges the limited, rather parochial sense of "mankind" that informed some mid-century thinking, but he also inspires in the reader an appreciation for the integrationist aspirations of a society truly striving toward equality. His cast of characters includes Vannevar Bush, James B. Conant, Richard Hofstadter, Robert K. Merton, Lionel Trilling, and J. Robert Oppenheimer.
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Democracy, Institution, Writing, Intelligentsia, Secularism, World War II, Henry Steele Commager, Capitalism, Culture of the United States, Laissez-faire, New York University, Science and technology in the United States, Manifesto, Science, Social science, American studies, Graduate school, Modernity, Big Science, Michel Foucault, Americans, Prejudice, Profession, Career, Free Inquiry, Judaism, John Dewey, Society of the United States, Political science, Science studies, Cultural hegemony, Public sphere, Totalitarianism, Ideal type, Philosophy of science, Obligation, Lionel Trilling, Exclusion, The New York Times, Ethos, Protestantism, Scientist, Thomas Kuhn, Literature, Multiculturalism, Lecture, Philosopher, Scientific community, Politics, Social order, Ideology, Jews, Nativism (politics), Historiography of science, Sensibility, Robert K. Merton, Sociology, Postmodernism, Scientific enterprise, Communitarianism, Religion, Intellectual history, National Science Foundation, Nazism, Philosophy, Walter Lippmann, Cosmopolitanism, Intellectual, Felix Frankfurter, Culture war