Principles of Animal Locomotion

R. McNeill Alexander

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Princeton University Press img Link Publisher

Naturwissenschaften, Medizin, Informatik, Technik / Naturwissenschaften allgemein

Beschreibung

How can geckoes walk on the ceiling and basilisk lizards run over water? What are the aerodynamic effects that enable small insects to fly? What are the relative merits of squids' jet-propelled swimming and fishes' tail-powered swimming? Why do horses change gait as they increase speed? What determines our own vertical leap? Recent technical advances have greatly increased researchers' ability to answer these questions with certainty and in detail.


This text provides an up-to-date overview of how animals run, walk, jump, crawl, swim, soar, hover, and fly. Excluding only the tiny creatures that use cilia, it covers all animals that power their movements with muscle--from roundworms to whales, clams to elephants, and gnats to albatrosses. The introduction sets out the general rules governing all modes of animal locomotion and considers the performance criteria--such as speed, endurance, and economy--that have shaped their selection. It introduces energetics and optimality as basic principles. The text then tackles each of the major modes by which animals move on land, in water, and through air. It explains the mechanisms involved and the physical and biological forces shaping those mechanisms, paying particular attention to energy costs.


Focusing on general principles but extensively discussing a wide variety of individual cases, this is a superb synthesis of current knowledge about animal locomotion. It will be enormously useful to advanced undergraduates, graduate students, and a range of professional biologists, physicists, and engineers.

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R. McNeill Alexander

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Schlagwörter

Angle of attack, Centrifugal force, Wind tunnel, Myocyte, Vibration, Hooke's law, Vertebrate, Rolling resistance, Drag coefficient, Measurement, Jumping, Surface tension, Running, Rectilinear locomotion, Center of mass (relativistic), Natural selection, Kinetic energy, Scallop, Action potential, Lift coefficient, Torque, Aircraft, Arthropod, Osmotic pressure, Animal locomotion, Ground effect (aerodynamics), Hydrofoil, Sphincter, Wing loading, Circulatory system, Teleost, Gait (human), Archimedes' principle, Bearing (mechanical), Insect, Metabolism, Airfoil, Diagram, Mammal, Rodent, Moment of inertia, Muscle, Swim bladder, Crawling (human), Buoyancy aid, Work output, Viscosity, Boundary layer, Wing tip, Reynolds number, Van der Waals force, Calculation, Strain gauge, Movement of Animals, Bird anatomy, Vortex ring, Buoy, Buoyancy, Surface area, Cost of transport, Resonance, Acceleration, Elastic recoil, Gravitational acceleration, Shape factor (image analysis and microscopy), Aphid, Froude number, Requirement, Bernoulli's principle, Gait