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Landscape of Migration

Mobility and Environmental Change on Bolivia's Tropical Frontier, 1952 to the Present

Ben Nobbs-Thiessen

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The University of North Carolina Press img Link Publisher

Naturwissenschaften, Medizin, Informatik, Technik / Naturwissenschaften allgemein

Beschreibung

In the wake of a 1952 revolution, leaders of Bolivia's National Revolutionary Movement (MNR) embarked on a program of internal colonization known as the "March to the East." In an impoverished country dependent on highland mining, the MNR sought to convert the nation's vast "undeveloped" Amazonian frontier into farmland, hoping to achieve food security, territorial integrity, and demographic balance. To do so, they encouraged hundreds of thousands of Indigenous Bolivians to relocate from the "overcrowded" Andes to the tropical lowlands, but also welcomed surprising transnational migrant streams, including horse-and-buggy Mennonites from Mexico and displaced Okinawans from across the Pacific.

Ben Nobbs-Thiessen details the multifaceted results of these migrations on the environment of the South American interior. As he reveals, one of the "migrants" with the greatest impact was the soybean, which Bolivia embraced as a profitable cash crop while eschewing earlier goals of food security, creating a new model for extractive export agriculture. Half a century of colonization would transform the small regional capital of Santa Cruz de la Sierra into Bolivia's largest city, and the diverging stories of Andean, Mennonite, and Okinawan migrants complicate our understandings of tradition, modernity, foreignness, and belonging in the heart of a rising agro-industrial empire.

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Schlagwörter

rural development modernization, soybeans, Gran Chaco, colonization, Agro-Environmental History, colonization and frontier expansion, indigenous history of Bolivia, Bolivia, state formation, Mennonite history, agriculture, propaganda and filmmaking, Bolivia’s 1952 Revolution, Okinawan history, revolutionary movements, Mexico, USAID, Green Revolution, migration, transnational history, missionaries, Amazon and Andean History, food security, Latin American History