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In-situ Structure Characterization of Elastomers during Deformation and Fracture
Karsten Brüning
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Springer International Publishing 
Naturwissenschaften, Medizin, Informatik, Technik / Maschinenbau, Fertigungstechnik
Beschreibung
This thesis offers novel insights into the time-dependent structural evolution of polymers under deformation. In-situ tensile experiments at high-brilliance synchrotron sources allowed to characterize the material with unrivaled resolution in time and space. The strain-induced crystallization in natural rubber was studied by wide-angle X-ray diffraction. Special emphasis was put on the establishment of new structure-property relationships to give a more in-depth understanding of the mechanical performance of rubber parts, e.g. in tear fatigue loading. To this end, the kinetics of strain-induced crystallization were investigated, subjecting the material to high strain rates. The local structure around a crack tip was observed by scanning wide-angle X-ray diffraction. Ultra-small angle X-ray scattering served to study filled elastomers under deformation, from specially prepared model filler systems to industrially relevant carbon black filled rubbers. Other methods include electron microscopy coupled with in-situ tensile testing and optical dilatometry to examine cavitation in rubbers.
The underlying theory as well as a literature review are covered by an extensive introductory chapter, followed by a description of the experimental techniques. The results are presented in more detail than in the original journal publications.
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Time-dependent Structure Evolution in Polymers, Crystallization Kinetics, Synchrotron Small and Wide-Angle X-ray Scattering & Diffraction, Polymers Under Deformation, WAXD, SAXS, USAXS, SEM, Synchrotron X-ray Radiation, Mechanical Properties of Polymers, Natural Rubber Reinforcement, Elastomer Deformation and Fracture, Cavitation, Strain-induced Crystallization