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Evolution in Changing Environments
Richard Levins
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Naturwissenschaften, Medizin, Informatik, Technik / ÷kologie
Beschreibung
Professor Levins, one of the leading explorers in the field of integrated population biology, considers the mutual interpenetration and joint evolution of organism and environment, occurring on several levels at once. Physiological and behavioral adaptations to short-term fluctuations of the environment condition the responses of populations to long-term changes and geographic gradients. These in turn affect the way species divide the environments among themselves in communities, and, therefore, the numbers of species which can coexist. Environment is treated here abstractly as pattern: patchiness, variability, range, etc. Populations are studied in their patterns: local heterogeneity, geographic variability, faunistic diversity, etc.
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Natural selection, Heterosis, Species, Gene Frequency, Diapause, Result, Inbreeding, Genotype frequency, Epistasis, Mating, Group selection, In Specie, Ecotype, Facultative anaerobic organism, Rate of evolution, Genetic assimilation, Uncertainty, Coevolution, Fecundity, Spatial heterogeneity, Probability, Theory, Genotype, Population genetics, Directional selection, Ecology, Frequency-dependent selection, Holism, Long-term experiment, Mutation rate, Inference, Macroevolution, Drosophila, Population dynamics, Genetic heterogeneity, Microevolution, Ecological niche, Initial condition, Homeostasis, Special case, Phenotypic trait, Aphid, Genetic variance, Extreme environment, Carrying capacity, Probability distribution, Heritability, Enzyme, Evolutionary pressure, Determinant, Fitness (biology), Speciation, Acclimatization, Nutrient, Linkage disequilibrium, Population size, Adaptive radiation, Emergence, Allele, Organism, Phenotype, Taxon, Estimation, Predation, Prediction, Adaptive value, Population ecology, Evolution, Expected value, Adaptive system