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Bounded Rationality and Policy Diffusion
Kurt Weyland
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Sozialwissenschaften, Recht, Wirtschaft / Politikwissenschaft
Beschreibung
Why do very different countries often emulate the same policy model? Two years after Ronald Reagan's income-tax simplification of 1986, Brazil adopted a similar reform even though it threatened to exacerbate income disparity and jeopardize state revenues. And Chile's pension privatization of the early 1980s has spread throughout Latin America and beyond even though many poor countries that have privatized their social security systems, including Bolivia and El Salvador, lack some of the preconditions necessary to do so successfully.
In a major step beyond conventional rational-choice accounts of policy decision-making, this book demonstrates that bounded--not full--rationality drives the spread of innovations across countries. When seeking solutions to domestic problems, decision-makers often consider foreign models, sometimes promoted by development institutions like the World Bank. But, as Kurt Weyland argues, policymakers apply inferential shortcuts at the risk of distortions and biases. Through an in-depth analysis of pension and health reform in Bolivia, Brazil, Costa Rica, El Salvador, and Peru, Weyland demonstrates that decision-makers are captivated by neat, bold, cognitively available models. And rather than thoroughly assessing the costs and benefits of external models, they draw excessively firm conclusions from limited data and overextrapolate from spurts of success or failure. Indications of initial success can thus trigger an upsurge of policy diffusion.
Kundenbewertungen
Bounded rationality, Cost–benefit analysis, Political agenda, Politician, Public sector, Criticism, Social protection, Bolivia, Capitation (healthcare), Institution, Public health, Rational choice theory, UNICEF, Supply (economics), Privatization, Field research, Social democracy, Financial crisis, Structural adjustment, World Bank, Representativeness heuristic, Health insurance, Health system, Rationality, Inference, Pension, Deliberation, World Bank Group, Developed country, Social Security System (Philippines), Welfare state, Pension fund, Social equity, Neoliberalism, IFI, Economist, Decision-making, Rate of return, Funding, Social Security (United States), Insurance, Costa Rica, Health policy, Underdevelopment, Private sector, Regime, Capital market, International organization, Anchoring, Civil society, Calculation, Policy, Heuristics in judgment and decision-making, Radical Change, Conditionality, Availability heuristic, Security policy, International financial institutions, Globalization, Subsidy, Tax, Decentralization, Economic recovery, Latin America, Case study, Development aid, Political science, Indication (medicine), Politics, Health minister