Creating the Market University
Elizabeth Popp Berman
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Schule und Lernen / Sekundarstufe I
Beschreibung
When science adopts the logic of the market
American universities today serve as economic engines, performing the scientific research that will create new industries, drive economic growth, and keep the United States globally competitive. But only a few decades ago, these same universities self-consciously held themselves apart from the world of commerce. Creating the Market University is the first book to systematically examine why academic science made such a dramatic move toward the market. Drawing on extensive historical research, Elizabeth Popp Berman shows how the government—influenced by the argument that innovation drives the economy—brought about this transformation.
Americans have a long tradition of making heroes out of their inventors. But before the 1960s and '70s neither policymakers nor economists paid much attention to the critical economic role played by innovation. However, during the late 1970s, a confluence of events—industry concern with the perceived deterioration of innovation in the United States, a growing body of economic research on innovation's importance, and the stagnation of the larger economy—led to a broad political interest in fostering invention. The policy decisions shaped by this change were diverse, influencing arenas from patents and taxes to pensions and science policy, and encouraged practices that would focus specifically on the economic value of academic science. By the early 1980s, universities were nurturing the rapid growth of areas such as biotech entrepreneurship, patenting, and university-industry research centers.
Contributing to debates about the relationship between universities, government, and industry, Creating the Market University sheds light on how knowledge and politics intersect to structure the economy.
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Employment, Engineering, Research center, Government procurement, Collaboration, Federal funds, New Direction (think tank), Intellectual property, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Capital gains tax, National Science Board, Consumption (economics), Budget, Affiliate marketing, Recession, Technology transfer, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Oral history, Sociology, Neoliberalism, Startup company, Prudent man rule, Genentech, Venture capital, High tech, Research and development, Economic development, Productivity, Chemical industry, Recombinant DNA, Funding of science, Employee Retirement Income Security Act, Economics, Agriculture, General Electric, Behalf, Engineering Research Centers, Politics, Entrepreneurship, Cooperative Research Centre, Economic growth, Pension, Institutional logic, Policy, National Science Foundation, Research Triangle Park, Year, Biogen, Funding, Legislation, Economic impact analysis, Research Corporation, Economy, Land-grant university, Advisory board, Commercialization, Technology, Institution, Tax, Patent, Capital gain, National Institutes of Health, Biotechnology, Small business, Tax cut, Subsidy, Herbert Boyer, Balance of trade, Economist, Science policy