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To Do This, You Must Know How
Doug Seroff, Lynn Abbott
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University Press of Mississippi 
Geisteswissenschaften, Kunst, Musik / Musikgeschichte
Beschreibung
To Do This, You Must Know How traces black vocal music instruction and inspiration from the halls of Fisk University to the mining camps of Birmingham and Bessemer, Alabama, and on to Chicago and New Orleans. In the 1870s, the Original Fisk University Jubilee Singers successfully combined Negro spirituals with formal choral music disciplines and established a permanent bond between spiritual singing and music education. Early in the twentieth century there were countless initiatives in support of black vocal music training conducted on both national and local levels. The surge in black religious quartet singing that occurred in the 1920s owed much to this vocal music education movement.
In Bessemer, Alabama, the effect of school music instruction was magnified by the emergence of community-based quartet trainers who translated the spirit and substance of the music education movement for the inhabitants of working-class neighborhoods. These trainers adapted standard musical precepts, traditional folk practices, and popular music conventions to create something new and vital
Bessemer's musical values directly influenced the early development of gospel quartet singing in Chicago and New Orleans through the authority of emigrant trainers whose efforts bear witness to the effectiveness of “trickle down” black music education. A cappella gospel quartets remained prominent well into the 1950s, but by the end of the century the close harmony aesthetic had fallen out of practice, and the community-based trainers who were its champions had virtually disappeared, foreshadowing the end of this remarkable musical tradition.
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Paul Exkano, Loving Five, barbershop harmony, Atlanta Colored Musical Association Festival, Loving Four, Malachi Wilkerson, Four Eagle Gospel Singers, Gilbert Porterfield, emotionalism, Jimmy Ricks, Roland W. Hayes, Ryman Auditorium, History, Alabama, Industrial High School, Birmingham Jubilee Singers, Optimistic Singers, New Orleans, Music, Albert Veal, John Work II, Kings of Harmony, spirituals, Four Great Wonders, Famous Blue Jay Singers, Apollo Quartet, plantation melodies, Ethnomusicology, Tom Lacey, music education, James A. Myers, Osceola Blanchet, Sanders T. Newell, contests, Bessemer Big Four, William “Bill” Morgan, Fisk University, James Payne, C. T. Carter, Norman R. McQueen, Thomas A. Dorsey, Fayette Avery McKenzie, Humming Four, Dunham Jubilee Singers, Duncan Brothers Jubilee Quartet, African American Studies, Paul Laurence Dunbar, Chicago, Walter J. Barker, Charles Bridges, Bessemer, Nashville Choral Society